哈尔岑独获2026年诺贝尔物理学奖

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哈尔岑独获2026年诺贝尔物理学奖

2026年9月，中国科学院大连化学物理研究所揭示了普通硒化锌量子点产生自由电子的新机制。研究人员发现，即使不引入锰离子掺杂，这类量子点也能利用极快的多激子俄歇复合，把能量集中到电子上，使电子从材料中逸出。进入水相后，这些电子可被周围水分子包围，形成具有较强还原能力的水合电子。

团队制备不同尺寸的量子点，并用飞秒光谱追踪激发后的变化。同尺寸比较中，硒化锌量子点的双激子寿命比硒化镉体系短近一个数量级；颗粒大小和所处介质也会改变复合过程。较小颗粒需要较少激子就能实现电子发射，水合电子生成的量子产率超过3%。研究把通常被视为能量损失的过程转化为可利用的电子产生渠道，为无镉、无铅体系的光化学研究提供新选择。相关结果仍处于材料与机理研究阶段，后续应用需进一步评估反应效率、持续工作能力以及具体化学体系的适配性。

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